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Exam 11: Motivating People

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Question 21

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Instrumentality is best defined as:

A) the perceived likelihood that performance will be followed by a particular outcome.
B) the value that expected outcomes hold for the person contemplating them.
C) any consequence resulting from performance.
D) the likelihood that a person would repeat an action after receiving negative reinforcement.
E) the likelihood that a person would repeat an action after receiving positive reinforcement.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Question 22

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Scenario A: Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the four questions that follow. Suppose that your employee Richard has been having trouble with the paperwork he must do for his job. Your goal is for the employee to improve his performance; i.e. decrease his rate of errors. You are considering two approaches: Option 1 is to spend time with Richard every day helping him with his job and appreciating him every time he performs well. This is an appealing option to Richard because he appreciates the attention and sees it as a reward. Option 2 is to tell Richard that he would not be entitled to any incentive until his performance improves. -Option 2 in the scenario above is an example of:

A) positive reinforcement.
B) punishment.
C) negative reinforcement.
D) extinction.
E) glass ceiling.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Question 23

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Scenario A: Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the four questions that follow. Suppose that your employee Richard has been having trouble with the paperwork he must do for his job. Your goal is for the employee to improve his performance; i.e. decrease his rate of errors. You are considering two approaches: Option 1 is to spend time with Richard every day helping him with his job and appreciating him every time he performs well. This is an appealing option to Richard because he appreciates the attention and sees it as a reward. Option 2 is to tell Richard that he would not be entitled to any incentive until his performance improves. -Option 1 in the scenario above is an example of:

Positive reinforcement refers to applying a(n) _____ consequence that increases the likelihood that the person will repeat the behavior that led to it.

On receiving feedback, one should ideally:

A consequence a person receives for his or her performance is referred to as:

In the context of Hackman and Oldham model, independence and discretion in making decisions is referred to as:

The practice of removing or withholding an undesirable consequence is referred to as:

In the context of Maslow's need hierarchy, the need found at the bottom of the pyramid is the _____ need.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes physiological needs.

Empowerment is the process of centralizing power at the top level of an organization.

The general goal of QWL programs is to:

Goal-setting theory states that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end.

Describe the important components of QWL programs with examples.

Positive consequences that motivate behavior are referred to as:

What are stretch goals? List the different types of stretch goals.

The need for affiliation is characterized by a strong orientation toward success and goal attainment.

The practice of using a fair process in decision making and making sure others know that the process was as fair as possible is referred to as:

Keith is the marketing manager in a small firm. In addition to his marketing related duties, he is also in charge of recruitment. This is an example of:

Discuss the basic concept of the expectancy theory.