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Exam 9: Crustal Deformation

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Question 61

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When rock is broken and pulverized as the sides of a fault grind past each other, this generates a loosely coherent, easily moved and easily eroded material called fault ________.

A) breccia
B) gouge
C) grot
D) slickensides

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 62

Multiple Choice

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A ________ fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks.

A) oblique-slip
B) strike-slip
C) dip-slip
D) stick-shift

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 63

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What is the axial plane of a fold?

How does elastic deformation of rocks differ from brittle or plastic deformation?

There were 11 earthquakes M>6.9 on the San Andreas Fault between 1812 and 1994.On average, how many years pass between earthquakes of this size, somewhere along the fault?

Which types of rocks are the easiest in which to recognize and map structures and why is this so?

The ________ in California is the boundary between the North American and Pacific lithospheric plates.

As long as it is not in a region of active faulting, the structures in the bedrock are not of major concern for buildings or engineers designing construction projects like dams or nuclear power plants.

Which one of the following is true for anticlines but not for synclines?

Many oil and gas deposits and artesian bedrock aquifers occur in geologic reservoirs within structural traps.

A fault is observed in a road cut, but there are no obvious rocks units to correlate on either side of the fault to determine relative movement.How else might you determine or even infer whether the hanging wall has moved up or down relative to the footwall? (Hint: Think of fossils, tectonic setting, etc.)

During mountain building episodes, originally flat lying sedimentary and volcanic rocks are often bent into a series of ________.

________ joints form when igneous rocks cool and develop pillar-like columns.

________ are the polished and striated surfaces along a fault plane that enable geologists to infer the last sense of motion on a fault.

Most high angle reverse faults ________ in regions dominated by other types of faulting.

Quartzite or marble is more likely to exhibit brittle behaviour?

A thrust fault is formed by sideways movement between blocks of rock.

Dip-slip faults, with steep inclinations, and a footwall that rode up over its hanging wall are called reverse faults or thrust faults?

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Broad upwarps in the basement rock may deform the overlying sedimentary cover strata to generate large elliptical to circular folds called ________.