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Potatoes were first domesticated in Ireland and then European explorers transported to the New World.

A) True
B) False

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The first animals domesticated in the Middle East were


A) horses and cattle.
B) pigs and sheep.
C) chickens and cattle.
D) goats and sheep.
E) chickens and pigs.

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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Discuss the nature and tempo of the development of food production.Analyze whether the advent of food production was a true "revolution" or the result of a more gradual transition from foraging to strategies that increasingly relied on domesticated plants and animals.Cite specific archaeological evidence.

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The development of food production can b...

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Discuss the role of geography in the spread of food production in the Old World.Identify the ecological features that aided the spread of domesticates from the Middle East to Egypt, North Africa, Europe, and India.Name and describe at least two.Contrast these to the geographic features that hindered the spread of domesticates in the New World.

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Geography played a crucial role in the s...

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___________ was the first hominin to arrive in the New World.


A) H.erectus
B) A.boisei
C) Homo sapiens
D) H.sapiens neanderthalensis
E) H.habilis

F) All of the above
G) A) and C)

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C

New evidence suggests that plant domestication occurred at about the same time in the New World as the Middle East.

A) True
B) False

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With domestication, plants developed thicker husks.

A) True
B) False

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The three caloric staples grown by Native American farmers were


A) wheat, barley, and oats.
B) maize, rice, and soybeans.
C) wheat, rye, and beans.
D) maize, potatoes, and manioc.
E) squash, avocados, and tomatoes.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Food production was a critical step toward the broad-spectrum revolution.

A) True
B) False

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In the Middle East, the domestication of plants and animals begin to replace broad-spectrum foraging as the basis of subsistence by


A) 50,000 B.P.
B) 20,000 B.P.
C) 7,500 B.P.
D) 5,000 B.P.
E) 1,000 B.P.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Define a vertical economy.Discuss why vertical economies were significant in the development of domestication and food production.

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A vertical economy refers to a system of...

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With domestication, the husks of wild cereals became


A) tougher.
B) thicker.
C) darker.
D) more brittle.
E) None of the above is correct.

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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Sedentism is


A) living in permanent settlements.
B) living off domesticated species.
C) transhumance.
D) capitalist-based exchange.
E) living off wild species.

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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A

Most researchers today argue that the domestication of plants in the Middle East occurred in the Hilly Flanks regions, where the wild ancestors of domesticated species grew naturally.

A) True
B) False

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Compared to the Middle East, food production emerge in the New World approximately


A) 30,000 to 40,000 years later
B) 3,000 to 4,000 years later
C) 30,000 to 40,000 years earlier
D) 3,000 to 4,000 years earlier
E) the same time

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Compared to their wild counterparts, domesticated animals tend to be


A) faster.
B) more aggressive.
C) larger.
D) smaller.
E) very similar, both morphologically and behaviorally.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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D

Food production spread from the Middle East to all of the following regions except


A) Greece.
B) northern Africa.
C) France.
D) Egypt.
E) northern China.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Domestication affects the reproduction of plants because domesticated


A) plants are able to reproduce themselves more effectively.
B) plants lose their natural seed dispersal mechanisms.
C) cereals have more brittle axes, allowing seeds to break free from the stalk more easily.
D) plants do not produce seeds.
E) farming has no effect on the reproduction of plants.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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__________ was not domesticated in South America.


A) Llamas
B) Rice
C) Potatoes
D) Guinea pigs
E) Manioc

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Scholars believe that food production first began in the Middle East in the


A) marginal areas.
B) alluvial desert.
C) hilly flanks.
D) desert oases.
E) high plateau.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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