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The various layers of the atmosphere are distinguished by the behavior of the ________.

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Without greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, the Earth's oceans would not be liquid.

A) True
B) False

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In the past, most of the landmass on Earth was concentrated in a single, large continent.

A) True
B) False

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Describe the two different kinds of seismic waves. Distinguish between them by describing how they move through Earth's interior.

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S-waves cause side-to-side motion. These...

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The presence of a magnetic field is a good indication that


A) the Earth's interior is similar to Mercury's, as both have fields.
B) a huge iron meteorite lies somewhere high up in the mantle, not in the core.
C) we have a liquid metal outer core, spinning rapidly as we rotate.
D) the Earth's interior must be completely molten to the center.
E) the Earth's interior has had time to solidify, with a rigid bar magnet created.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The crust of the Earth is covered by about ________ water in the hydrosphere.


A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%
E) 90%

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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When two tectonic plates collide


A) they both stop moving.
B) they always produce high mountain chains like the Himalayas.
C) volcanoes always mark the boundary between them.
D) they continue moving, producing a variety of large deformations.
E) that region is safe from earthquakes now the plates are fixed.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Explain how crater counts allow us to estimate the ages of surfaces throughout the solar system.

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Craters are the rule...everybody was a t

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The average rate of erosion on the Moon is far less than on Earth because


A) the crust of the Moon is much denser than the Earth's crust.
B) the Moon is much younger than the Earth.
C) the Moon lacks wind, water and an atmosphere.
D) the Moon's magnetic field protects it from the solar wind better than ours does.
E) the Moon's mare long ago dried up, so there is no more wave erosion there.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Explain what causes high tides on Earth.

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The Moon is closest to the side facing i...

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Almost all of our atmospheric gases lie in the


A) ionosphere.
B) stratosphere.
C) troposphere.
D) ozone layer.
E) mesosphere.

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Each day, there are ________ high tides on Earth.

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The chief erosive agent now on the Moon is


A) lunar ice melting and refreezing in the polar regions.
B) lava flows welling up in the mare.
C) volcanic vents in the rugged highlands.
D) the rain of micrometeorites chewing up the regolith.
E) rain from cometary debris melting as it enters the Moon's atmosphere.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere is oxygen.

A) True
B) False

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When tectonic plates collide, they fuse together and come to rest.

A) True
B) False

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Infrared radiation is trapped close to our surface by the greenhouse effect.

A) True
B) False

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Which of these is not a product of plate tectonics and hot spots?


A) Hawaii
B) Yellowstone and Old Faithful
C) The Mid Atlantic Rift
D) The Andes
E) The Grand Canyon's eroded depths

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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When the Moon is described as tidally locked, that means that it does not rotate.

A) True
B) False

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What gas is the primary constituent of our atmosphere?


A) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen
E) Helium

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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What were the two primary courses of heating that let the Earth differentiate? Which is more important to us today?

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Impacts of asteroids and radio...

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