Question 1

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

Accepted Answer

A)   loop of Henle.
B)   collecting duct.
C)   distal convoluted tubule.
D)   proximal convoluted tubule.
E)   Bowman's capsule.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 2

Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)   tubular pressure
B)   capsular pressure
C)   colloid osmotic pressure
D)   glomerular capillary pressure
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 3

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

Accepted Answer

A)   filtrate volume increases.
B)   filtrate osmolality decreases.
C)   potassium is secreted from the cells.
D)   the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water.
E)   the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 4

Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH.
B)   renin.
C)   aldosterone.
D)   atrial natriuretic hormone.
E)   angiotensin.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ____ as well as the person's hematocrit.

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   PAH
C)   insulin
D)   aldosterone
E)   glucoseF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus.
B)   ascending loop of Henle.
C)   distal convoluted tubule.
D)   proximal convoluted tubule.
E)   descending loop of Henle.F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-major calyx

Accepted Answer

A)  cone-shaped structure in medulla of kidney
B)  anchors kidneys to abdominal wall
C)  cortical tissue between renal pyramids
D)  tube that opens into renal pelvis
E)  point where renal artery enters kidneyF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Choose the term that does not belong.

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus
B)   macula densa
C)   juxtaglomerular cells
D)   juxtaglomerular apparatus
E)   afferent arterioleF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

Accepted Answer

A)   renal fraction.
B)   filtration fraction.
C)   clearance fraction.
D)   glomerular flow rate.
E)   cardiac fraction.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium and bicarbonate
B)   potassium and phosphate
C)   sodium and chloride
D)   bicarbonate and potassium
E)   potassium and chlorideF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-afferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A)  supplies blood to the glomerulus
B)  enlarged proximal end of nephron
C)  gaps between the podocyte processes
D)  plexus of capillaries around tubules
E)  arteries that arch over bases of the pyramidsF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Match the hormone with its effect on blood pressure.
-aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  ↑ BP
B)  ↓ BPC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 13

The juxtamedullary nephrons

Accepted Answer

A)   have long loops of Henle.
B)   are found next to the renal capsule.
C)   comprise 85% of all nephrons.
D)   have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla.
E)   have short loops of Henle.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute, estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

A)   45 liters
B)   90 liters
C)   125 liters
D)   180 liters
E)   200 litersF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Match the structure with the appropriate description.
-peritubular capillaries

Accepted Answer

A)  supplies blood to the glomerulus
B)  enlarged proximal end of nephron
C)  gaps between the podocyte processes
D)  plexus of capillaries around tubules
E)  arteries that arch over bases of the pyramidsF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

The urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A)   stores urine until it is voided.
B)   empties to the exterior via the ureters.
C)   contains a muscle called the trigone.
D)   is superior to the kidney.
E)   filters urine.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1)  amount of water reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule; (2)  amount of water reabsorbed from the loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A)  Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
B)  Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.
C)  Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 18

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1)  loop of Henle
(2)  Bowman's capsule
(3)  distal convoluted tubule
(4)  proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 2, 3, 4
B)   4, 2, 1, 3
C)   2, 4, 3, 1
D)   2, 4, 1, 3
E)   3, 4, 1, 2F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

Accepted Answer

A)   has a higher concentration of waste products (urea)  than the original filtrate.
B)   may have lost up to 99% of its original volume.
C)   is called urine.
D)   has a higher concentration of waste products (urea)  than the original filtrate, may have lost up to 99% of its original waste, and is called urine.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 20

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

Accepted Answer

A)   more of the substance is reabsorbed.
B)   more of the substance is actively secreted.
C)   less of the substance is filtered in the renal corpuscle.
D)   the excess goes into the blood.
E)   the excess remains in the urine.F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Exam 26: Urinary System

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

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When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

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Match the structure with the appropriate description. -afferent arteriole

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At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute, estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

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Match the structure with the appropriate description. -major calyx

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Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) amount of water reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule; (2) amount of water reabsorbed from the loop of Henle

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The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

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Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1) loop of Henle (2) Bowman's capsule (3) distal convoluted tubule (4) proximal convoluted tubule

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Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

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Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule?

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The urinary bladder

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Match the hormone with its effect on blood pressure. -aldosterone

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Choose the term that does not belong.

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Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ____ as well as the person's hematocrit.

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Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of

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The juxtamedullary nephrons

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Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

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Match the structure with the appropriate description. -peritubular capillaries

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The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

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When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

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