Question 1

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis.
B)   metabolic alkalosis.
C)   respiratory acidosis.
D)   respiratory alkalosis.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)   acids
B)   bases
C)   salts
D)   glucose
E)   waterF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-vitamin D deficiency

Accepted Answer

A)  hypocalcemia
B)  hypercalcemiaC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 4

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)   presence of channels in the membrane
B)   presence of lipids in the membrane
C)   being selectively permeable
D)   high sodium concentration inside the cellE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Accepted Answer

A)   urine volume.
B)   ADH secretion.
C)   aldosterone secretion.
D)   the reabsorption of sodium ions.
E)   blood volume.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease the hematocrit.
B)   decrease ADH production.
C)   increase the blood pressure.
D)   increase the osmolality of body fluids.
E)   decrease the osmolality of body fluids.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

Parathyroid hormone effects the

Accepted Answer

A)   bones, heart, and blood.
B)   kidney, liver, and spleen.
C)   intestine, kidneys, and bone.
D)   liver, stomach, and small intestine.
E)   stomach, pancreas, and bone.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Sensible perspiration

Accepted Answer

A)   contains only water.
B)   is water lost through simple evaporation.
C)   is secreted by the sweat glands.
D)   is invisible on the skin.
E)   is secreted by salivary glands.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-oversecretion of aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  hypernatremia
B)  hyponatremiaC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 10

Use the following key to choose the best answer.
-(1)  amount of sodium in urine when aldosterone levels are high; (2)  amount of sodium in urine when aldosterone levels are low

Accepted Answer

A)  Choose this if the first item is greater than the second item.
B)  Choose this if the first item is less than the second item.
C)  Choose this if the first item is equal or nearly equal to the second item.D) B) and C)
E) None of the above

Question 11

Most of the calcium in the body is in the

Accepted Answer

A)   bones.
B)   plasma.
C)   kidneys.
D)   GI tract.
E)   extracellular fluid.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

Potassium secretion in the renal tubules is regulated by __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Potassium secretion in the renal tubules is...

Question 13

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Accepted Answer

A)   increases plasma osmolality.
B)   is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
C)   increases water reabsorption in the kidneys.
D)   causes the production of a large volume of urine.
E)   increases urine volume.F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   osmosis.
B)   filtration.
C)   facilitated diffusion.
D)   active transport.
E)   endocytosis.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

Increased osmolality of the ECF

Accepted Answer

A)   increases thirst.
B)   inhibits ADH.
C)   increases renin secretion.
D)   increases aldosterone secretion.
E)   decreases thirst.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 16

Match the cause with one of the two conditions.
-water loss due to diabetes mellitus

Accepted Answer

A)  hypernatremia
B)  hyponatremiaC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 17

In hypocalcemia,

Accepted Answer

A)   depolarization is prevented.
B)   PTH production is reduced.
C)   blood calcium levels are increased.
D)   neuromuscular excitability increases.
E)   neuromuscular excitability decreases.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 18

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

A)   plasma
B)   interstitial
C)   intracellular
D)   extracellular
E)   cytoplasmF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium is excreted by the kidney.
B)   large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested.
C)   carbonic acid is formed.
D)   the respiratory rate decreases.
E)   carbon dioxide levels increase.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 20

Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described.
-hyperventilation

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis
B)  respiratory alkalosis
C)  metabolic acidosis
D)  metabolic alkalosisE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

In hypocalcemia,

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Increased osmolality of the ECF

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Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

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Loss of a large volume of sweat will

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Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

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Parathyroid hormone effects the

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Sensible perspiration

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Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

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Potassium secretion in the renal tubules is regulated by __________.

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Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -water loss due to diabetes mellitus

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Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -vitamin D deficiency

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Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

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What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

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Water moves back and forth across the plasma membrane by the process of

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Match the cause with one of the two conditions. -oversecretion of aldosterone

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Most of the calcium in the body is in the

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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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Use the following key to choose the best answer. -(1) amount of sodium in urine when aldosterone levels are high; (2) amount of sodium in urine when aldosterone levels are low

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Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

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Indicate which acid-base imbalance is most likely to occur as a result of the condition described. -hyperventilation

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